ifelifelseforwhilebreakcontinuetruthy value is a value that translates to true in the case of conditional statements like if and while.falsey value is a value that translates to false in the same situations.falsey value is anything that is empty or represents nothing, which includes;0false'' # empty string[] # empty list() # empty tuple{} # empty set or dict (depends on type decl)nulltruthy if it is not one of the above values.if statement.elif (else if) statements, and can also optionally be concluded with an else statement.if and elif statements take an expression, which is evaluated to be truthy or falsey. If the expression for the statement evaluates as truthy, the contents of the following block are run. If not, the next elif statement (if any) is run, which also takes an expression. If none of the elif statements' expressions evaluate to a truthy value, the else block (if any) will be run.if statements can be used as part of assignment statements, like the following;conditional expressions instead of statements, due to the difference in definition between a statement and an expression.for and while.for loops are used when the number of repetitions are known in advance, e.g. to do something 5 times, you can use the following code;while loops are used when you don't know the amount of repetitions that will need to be done, e.g. when you're reading lines from a file and you don't know how many lines are in the file.while loops take an expression, and if it evaluates to a truthy value, the block of the loop will be run.break and continue.break when used inside a loop will stop the execution of the loop and continue execution of the program after the block of the loop.continue when used will stop the execution of the current loop and continue from the next loop.